Abstract:
Although past research suggests that life stage is an important consideration in the work-life
interface, a life stage approach in the work-life literature is uncommon and mostly focused on
the negative side (work-life conflict) of the interface. Accordingly, this dissertation presents a
quantitative study (N=507) that integrates conflict and enrichment into work-life balance by
life stage. Drawing on work-life theories (e.g., role scarcity) and life course research, it
extends extant knowledge by confirming that work-life balance differs by life stage but not as
expected. Employees in the early life stage (rather than those in later stages) had the most
beneficial work-life balance. Understanding work-life balance differences by life stage may
also help organisations to craft more targeted policies and practices for their employees.
This dissertation examines further work-life issues by focusing on the effects of
homeworking. It includes a qualitative study (N=40), supported by quantitative data (N=514),
that explores the situation when homeworking is perceived differently by the employee and
the employer. Based on Employee-Organisation Relationship (EOR) concepts (such as
Perceived Organisational Support) and an extension of an inducements-contributions model,
this dissertation contributes to the EOR literature by integrating employee and employer's
perspectives and suggesting that differences in perceptions may produce adverse outcomes,
such as employees not meeting their employer's expected contribution. This thesis also
explores the role of homeworking in the organisational culture-climate alignment using a
multi-model framework of organisational culture-climate. It provides a detailed contextual
explanation of the potential adverse impact of homeworking on the organisation with a mixed
methods approach. Findings reveal that homeworking may cause tension in the culture climate relationship and negatively affect organisational performance. These results
contribute to the organisational culture and climate literature and the on-going debate over
the consequences of homeworking, and provide a practical illustration of homeworking’s
potential drawbacks
